> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.e6data.com/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# UPPER_CASE

> Converts a string to uppercase.

<div className="e6-meta"><span className="e6-eyebrow e6-eyebrow--quiet">Scalar function</span></div>

**Aliases:** [`upper`](/query/sql/functions/string/upper)

Returns NULL for NULL input.

## Syntax

### Scalar

```sql theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}}
upper_case(value)
```

## Arguments

| Name | Type | Required | Description |
| - | - | - | - |
| value | STRING | Yes | The string to convert. |

## Returns

* Type: STRING
* Possible values: A string after Unicode case conversion.
* NULL behavior: Returns NULL for NULL input.

## Properties

| Property | Value |
| - | - |
| Deterministic | Yes |
| Supports window usage | No |
| Exact result | Yes |

## Usage notes

* Unicode case conversion can change the number of characters.

## Examples

### Typical behavior

```sql theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}}
SELECT upper_case('aBc') AS "value", upper_case(CAST(NULL AS STRING)) AS null_value;
```

| value | null\_value |
| - | - |
| ABC | NULL |

### Leave digits and punctuation unchanged

```sql theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}}
SELECT upper_case('Order-abc123') AS normalized;
```

| normalized |
| - |
| ORDER-ABC123 |


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