LAST

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Syntax

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Aggregate

last(value) [IGNORE NULLS | RESPECT NULLS]

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Window

last(value) [IGNORE NULLS | RESPECT NULLS] OVER ([PARTITION BY key] ORDER BY key [ROWS frame])

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Arguments

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Aggregate and window

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Returns

• Type: same SQL type as value
• NULL behavior: RESPECT NULLS is default. IGNORE NULLS selects a non-NULL boundary value; all-NULL input yields NULL.
• Empty input: Returns NULL on empty input/frame.

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Properties

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Usage notes

• Grouped input order is unspecified; use a unique ordering key for stable window results.
• INTEGER and INT mean the same type; STRING means VARCHAR text. NULL can be used with a supported type. Cast NULL explicitly when its type would otherwise be unclear.
• Query tools may report a DECIMAL result as DOUBLE or a TIME result as INTEGER. The returned value still keeps its decimal precision and scale, or its time type. A reported type does not convert the value.
• Supports DISTINCT: Adding DISTINCT does not remove duplicate input values.

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Examples

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Basic example

WITH t(id,"value") AS (VALUES (1,10),(2,5),(3,20)) SELECT last("value") OVER (ORDER BY id ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) AS result FROM t ORDER BY id LIMIT 1;

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All rows and running results, with NULL handling

WITH sample(id, v) AS (VALUES (1, CAST(NULL AS INTEGER)), (2, 10), (3, 5))
SELECT id,
  last(v) RESPECT NULLS OVER (ORDER BY id ASC NULLS LAST
    ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) AS whole_partition,
  last(v) IGNORE NULLS OVER (ORDER BY id ASC NULLS LAST
    ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW) AS running_non_null
FROM sample ORDER BY id ASC NULLS LAST;

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Limitations

• RANGE frames with a numeric or time offset are not supported.
• In grouped calls, DISTINCT does not remove duplicate input values. Selection can still vary when rows are tied or their order changes.
• The optional Boolean shorthand on LAST is outside these calling forms; use the explicit one-argument function and NULL-treatment clause.