> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.e6data.com/product-documentation/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.e6data.com/product-documentation/table-formats/apache-hudi.md). # Apache Hudi Apache Hudi (Hadoop Upserts Deletes and Incrementals) is an open-source transactional data lake framework that enables stream ingestion, upserts, and incremental processing on large datasets stored in data lakes. Originally developed at Uber, Hudi is now widely adopted by organizations like Walmart and Disney for managing rapidly changing data at scale. [Connect to catalog](/product-documentation/table-formats/apache-hudi/connect-to-catalog.md) #### How It Works Hudi enables atomic upserts and incremental data processing on cloud object stores by maintaining metadata and write-ahead logs. It supports two primary table types: * **Copy-on-Write (CoW):** Updates are applied at write time; optimized for read-heavy workloads. * **Merge-on-Read (MoR):** Updates are merged at read time; better for write-heavy or frequently changing data. Each table type supports different query modes: * CoW: Read Optimized, Incremental * MoR: Read Optimized, Incremental, Real-time #### Key Features * ACID-compliant transactions on data lakes * Built-in support for upserts and deletes * Efficient incremental processing and data compaction * Support for schema evolution * Compatibility with Apache Hive, Presto, Trino, and Spark * Configurable indexing strategies for performance optimization #### What Is Supported * Reading Hudi tables via AWS Glue and Apache Hive * Copy-on-Write (CoW) and Merge-on-Read (MoR) table types * Partitioned and non-partitioned table support * Query modes: Read-Optimized, Incremental, Real-Time (MoR only) * Upserts, inserts, deletes * Time travel and schema evolution #### Unsupported Features in e6data * Real-time view querying (MoR) is currently not supported * Metadata syncing to non-Hive-compatible metastores may require manual setup * Fine-grained time travel features are limited compared to Delta and Iceberg --- # Agent Instructions This documentation is published with GitBook. GitBook is the documentation platform designed so that both humans and AI agents can read, navigate, and reason over technical content effectively. Learn more at gitbook.com. ## Querying This Documentation If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation dynamically by asking a question. Perform an HTTP GET request on the current page URL with the `ask` query parameter, and the optional `goal` query parameter: ``` GET https://docs.e6data.com/product-documentation/table-formats/apache-hudi.md?ask=&goal= ``` `ask` is the immediate question: it should be specific, self-contained, and written in natural language. `goal` is optional and describes the broader end goal you are ultimately trying to accomplish on behalf of the user. GitBook uses it to tailor the answer towards what is most useful for that goal. The response will contain a direct answer to the question and relevant excerpts and sources from the documentation. Use this mechanism when the answer is not explicitly present in the current page, you need clarification or additional context, or you want to retrieve related documentation sections.